European Commission
EDGAR - Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research

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GHG emissions of all world countries

2025 report

Introduction

Since the beginning of 21st century, global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions had followed an increasing trend mainly due to the increase in emissions from China and the other emerging economies. As a result, the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases substantially increased enhancing the natural greenhouse effect, which may negatively affect the life on the Earth.

According to the latest data, global GHG emissions in 2024 reached 53.2 Gt CO2eq (without Land Use, land Use Change and Forestry). The 2024 data experienced an increase of 1.3% or 665 Mt CO2eq compared to the levels in 2023. In the framework of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), countries are developing national emissions inventories and propose/implement actions to mitigate GHG emissions. Fossil CO2 emissions, which are the main contributors to global GHG emissions are still increasing at world level despite climate change mitigation agreements. In this context, EDGAR provides an independent estimate of greenhouse gases for all world countries, based on a robust and consistent methodology stemming from the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines and most recent activity data. Following the latest update released in September 2025, this report presents GHG emission time series up to 2024, including emissions from all anthropogenic sectors and Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF).

Cover 2025
GHG emissions of all world countries - 2025 report

Main findings

China, the United States, India, the EU27, Russia and Indonesia were the world's largest GHG emitters in 2024. Together they account for 51.4% of global population, 62.5% of global gross domestic product, 64.2% of global fossil fuel consumption and 61.8% of global GHG emissions. Among these top emitters, in 2024 China, India, Russia and Indonesia increased their emissions compared to 2023, with Indonesia having the largest increase in relative terms (+ 5.0%) and India the largest absolute increase by 164.8 Mt CO2eq. With only two exceptions, 2009 (global financial crisis) and 2020 (COVID-19), global GHG emissions have grown steadily since the beginning of the 21st century, mainly due to the increase in fossil CO2 emissions by China, India, and other emerging economies. Based on the emission estimates for 2024 provided by EDGAR, global GHG emissions increased by 1.3% compared to 2023, reaching 53.2 Gt CO2eq.

In 2024, the majority of GHG emissions consisted of fossil CO2 accounting for 74.5% of total emissions, while CH4 contributed for 17.9% to the total, N2O for 4.8% and F-gases for 2.8%. Global fossil CO2 emissions increased by 74.9% since 1990. The increases in CH4 and N2O emissions have followed a somewhat slower pace: CH4 increased by nearly 30% and N2O by 34% between 1990 and 2024, while F-gases have seen a four-fold increase (+310%) in the same period. As far EU27 is concerned, its GHG emissions, excluding LULUCF, were approximately 35% lower than in 1990 reaching 3.2 Gt CO2eq. In 2024, EU27 emissions decreased by 1.8% (-57.9 Mt CO2eq) and the EU27’s share of global emissions decreased from 6.1% in 2023 to 5.9% in 2024.

The data are presented in the table below for key years, to allow easy comparison of different countries. Data for individual GHGs (fossil CO2, CH4, N2O and F-gases) are available in the excel file in the download section (data sheet 'GHG_by_sector_and_country').

World GHG emissions
Global GHG emission trends by sector and key years

Data Download

GHG emissions of all world countries - 2025 Report
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EDGAR GHG emissions
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IEA-EDGAR fossil CO2 emissions
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Emissions by country

The data in the table below are presented for key years to allow for easy comparison across different countries. LULUCF (Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry) is not included. Data for individual GHGs (fossil CO2, CH4, N2O and F-gases) are available in the excel file in the download section (data sheet 'GHG_by_sector_and_country').

Throughout this report, the term ‘country’ or ‘countries’ is used to refer to entities that include countries and/or territories in accordance with the list available at the Interinstitutional Style Guide of the European Union and the “Short name” definition listed in the "List of countries, territories and currencies" table at this link has been used (updated on 30/06/2025). This list does not represent the official position of the European institutions with regard to the legal status or policy of the entities mentioned. It is a harmonisation of often divergent lists and practices.

EDGAR data are expressed in metric units.



Country 1990 2000 2005 2015 2020 2023 2024 2024 %
unit Mton CO2 Mton CO2 Mton CO2 Mton CO2 Mton CO2 Mton CO2 Mton CO2 % World Tot
EU27 3805.52 3559.57 3685.78 3082.05 2638.41 2509.70 2462.39 6.21
GLOBAL TOTAL 22660.10 25694.70 30015.90 36292.50 36209.90 39112.70 39632.70 100.00
Afghanistan 2.91 1.01 1.28 8.43 12.14 11.65 12.07 0.03
Albania 6.65 3.23 4.15 4.88 4.57 4.22 4.24 0.01
Algeria 72.16 87.94 101.40 164.58 171.95 190.58 186.36 0.47
Angola 11.23 16.51 15.64 33.09 20.54 27.34 28.10 0.07
Anguilla 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00
Antigua and Barbuda 0.16 0.14 0.17 0.29 0.33 0.34 0.36 0.00
Argentina 100.20 136.76 153.63 196.19 168.12 189.89 183.27 0.46
Armenia 20.78 3.57 4.46 5.62 6.91 7.50 7.49 0.02
Aruba 0.20 0.27 0.39 0.46 0.49 0.54 0.56 0.00
Australia 277.72 353.90 384.12 400.63 392.55 377.50 383.40 0.97
Austria 61.56 66.69 80.41 67.36 62.92 58.48 58.03 0.15
Azerbaijan 56.12 28.79 31.22 34.52 35.41 41.75 38.89 0.10
Bahamas 1.09 1.00 0.86 1.12 1.17 1.41 1.46 0.00
Bahrain 12.00 17.77 23.37 33.47 36.84 38.69 37.97 0.10
Bangladesh 14.77 26.98 40.38 85.45 104.12 118.99 124.19 0.31
Barbados 0.62 0.59 0.65 0.72 0.67 0.69 0.71 0.00
Belarus 105.53 56.26 60.02 59.17 58.16 53.82 54.22 0.14
Belgium 115.82 124.90 119.01 102.42 91.93 85.73 86.65 0.22
Belize 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.25 0.32 0.38 0.39 0.00
Benin 0.40 1.55 2.80 5.81 8.71 6.89 7.05 0.02
Bermuda 0.25 0.15 0.19 0.23 0.21 0.26 0.27 0.00
Bhutan 0.18 0.41 0.54 1.31 1.41 1.56 1.59 0.00
Bolivia 6.58 8.20 9.94 19.95 18.57 24.42 28.44 0.07
Bosnia and Herzegovina 24.57 14.28 16.85 20.83 22.54 20.83 20.41 0.05
Botswana 2.82 4.10 4.39 7.09 6.09 6.72 6.90 0.02
Brazil 226.89 349.41 369.26 517.94 447.92 480.24 491.47 1.24
British Virgin Islands 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.00
Brunei 4.30 6.07 6.01 7.37 10.13 9.70 9.37 0.02
Bulgaria 80.05 48.18 52.49 49.86 39.42 36.97 34.19 0.09
Burkina Faso 0.33 0.87 1.14 3.94 5.70 6.26 6.48 0.02
Burundi 0.20 0.29 0.18 0.43 0.93 0.95 0.97 0.00
Cabo Verde 0.05 0.28 0.61 0.79 0.63 0.65 0.68 0.00
Cambodia 0.43 2.00 2.70 8.52 18.63 18.92 19.44 0.05
Cameroon 4.76 5.73 5.47 9.19 10.39 10.33 10.29 0.03
Canada 440.50 543.11 582.31 574.38 548.45 567.10 577.97 1.46
Cayman Islands 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.25 0.33 0.36 0.37 0.00
Central African Republic 0.16 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.00
Chad 0.24 0.24 0.48 1.61 2.41 2.91 2.89 0.01
Chile 33.22 53.86 59.14 84.38 87.51 77.01 77.82 0.20
China 2414.28 3647.88 6235.69 10749.90 11964.10 13021.20 13124.70 33.12
Colombia 53.20 63.42 61.89 86.22 84.30 92.80 95.08 0.24
Comoros 0.04 0.09 0.14 0.17 0.27 0.44 0.45 0.00
Congo 2.38 4.51 4.33 5.75 7.40 7.87 8.46 0.02
Cook Islands 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.00
Costa Rica 2.92 5.13 6.36 7.76 7.18 8.10 8.38 0.02
Côte d’Ivoire 2.97 6.97 6.40 11.27 13.29 17.93 18.81 0.05
Croatia 24.02 19.38 22.85 18.02 17.19 18.66 18.68 0.05
Cuba 38.67 29.00 26.21 29.44 18.48 20.03 21.00 0.05
Curaçao 2.67 5.67 5.91 5.74 2.10 2.31 2.39 0.01
Cyprus 4.64 7.13 7.91 6.86 6.80 7.20 7.34 0.02
Czechia 165.50 132.32 129.05 108.29 94.86 85.61 77.75 0.20
Democratic Republic of the Congo 3.37 1.88 2.48 3.59 4.63 6.14 6.21 0.02
Denmark 52.43 53.15 50.65 34.07 27.79 26.21 25.57 0.06
Djibouti 0.97 0.73 0.75 0.82 0.75 0.88 0.89 0.00
Dominica 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.00
Dominican Republic 8.02 19.01 18.79 23.87 26.93 32.79 34.22 0.09
Ecuador 17.56 22.06 28.87 43.28 36.60 46.79 47.96 0.12
Egypt 91.51 127.92 178.39 239.41 246.18 275.84 291.64 0.74
El Salvador 2.59 5.80 7.03 7.26 6.65 9.24 9.54 0.02
Equatorial Guinea 0.07 2.74 6.40 5.41 4.91 4.77 4.83 0.01
Eritrea 0.33 0.67 0.60 0.58 0.67 0.76 0.78 0.00
Estonia 40.04 17.82 20.07 21.02 12.13 11.47 10.65 0.03
Eswatini 1.11 1.10 0.99 0.98 0.96 1.08 1.09 0.00
Ethiopia 2.19 3.88 5.47 13.51 18.02 19.02 19.36 0.05
Falkland Islands 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00
Faroes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fiji 1.01 1.44 1.73 1.62 1.07 1.44 1.51 0.00
Finland 56.23 57.53 58.25 45.98 39.47 32.89 31.11 0.08
France and Monaco 384.98 400.87 407.76 332.15 287.09 284.15 274.45 0.69
French Guiana 0.26 0.17 0.20 0.35 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.00
French Polynesia 0.85 0.71 0.94 1.01 0.72 0.93 0.97 0.00
Gabon 6.17 6.60 6.39 6.44 5.53 5.12 5.20 0.01
Georgia 34.49 5.21 4.98 10.65 11.54 13.56 13.47 0.03
Germany 1012.70 871.39 841.75 784.91 642.09 589.66 579.94 1.46
Ghana 3.13 6.02 7.11 15.61 22.95 23.22 24.17 0.06
Gibraltar 0.14 0.34 0.41 0.59 0.64 0.63 0.64 0.00
Greece 77.91 96.07 103.64 69.45 52.36 51.24 52.51 0.13
Greenland 0.00 0.00 0.61 0.52 0.53 0.58 0.59 0.00
Grenada 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.18 0.00
Guadeloupe 0.69 0.62 0.68 1.12 1.11 1.12 1.15 0.00
Guatemala 3.92 9.68 11.77 16.96 17.62 20.13 20.37 0.05
Guinea 0.95 1.46 1.75 2.87 5.39 5.03 5.21 0.01
Guinea-Bissau 0.17 0.20 0.28 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.00
Guyana 1.17 1.66 1.48 2.07 3.33 3.74 3.79 0.01
Haiti 1.14 1.70 1.83 3.49 3.44 3.38 3.51 0.01
Honduras 2.36 5.00 7.10 10.82 9.22 11.85 12.29 0.03
Hong Kong 35.04 41.90 43.01 44.25 34.06 34.12 34.62 0.09
Hungary 72.33 59.46 61.22 47.54 49.65 42.98 42.63 0.11
Iceland 2.34 2.85 3.13 3.63 3.07 3.22 3.29 0.01
India 600.68 996.89 1217.73 2278.23 2356.96 3014.52 3153.83 7.96
Indonesia 161.77 299.07 362.60 512.40 596.28 772.56 812.20 2.05
International Aviation 260.69 355.31 429.01 536.45 295.70 570.73 614.15 1.55
International Shipping 371.25 503.29 572.58 660.32 635.70 712.39 697.90 1.76
Iran 208.48 353.94 468.99 629.49 735.87 816.13 828.99 2.09
Iraq 69.44 88.81 87.24 137.90 183.87 232.98 238.67 0.60
Ireland 32.34 43.83 47.07 37.65 34.29 32.86 32.57 0.08
Israel and Palestine, State of 35.22 59.28 61.87 67.99 61.39 60.48 57.67 0.15
Italy, San Marino and the Holy See 426.06 454.32 493.07 353.74 295.21 304.31 299.23 0.76
Jamaica 7.70 10.24 10.63 7.11 5.92 7.70 8.07 0.02
Japan 1162.29 1243.58 1278.68 1232.58 1060.23 1002.44 972.27 2.45
Jordan 10.07 16.47 20.31 25.63 20.95 24.04 24.14 0.06
Kazakhstan 248.63 132.22 187.60 202.75 225.50 255.43 258.80 0.65
Kenya 6.47 8.91 9.03 17.00 19.16 21.27 21.64 0.05
Kiribati 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.00
Kuwait 32.41 56.02 77.23 95.59 92.95 110.16 115.93 0.29
Kyrgyzstan 23.66 4.80 5.61 10.32 9.31 10.23 10.75 0.03
Laos 0.26 0.93 1.30 8.93 19.44 25.74 26.06 0.07
Latvia 19.62 7.23 8.03 7.65 7.28 6.90 6.81 0.02
Lebanon 5.97 15.31 16.58 26.91 21.82 10.82 11.00 0.03
Lesotho 0.11 0.35 0.41 0.60 0.70 0.99 1.00 0.00
Liberia 0.38 0.40 0.68 1.23 0.83 0.84 0.87 0.00
Libya 32.62 49.28 57.73 54.48 45.70 63.20 63.95 0.16
Lithuania 35.12 11.66 13.96 13.66 14.25 12.98 12.97 0.03
Luxembourg 11.98 8.80 12.11 9.31 7.99 6.94 7.15 0.02
Macao 0.94 1.46 2.05 2.76 2.23 1.68 1.73 0.00
Madagascar 0.91 1.69 1.79 3.42 3.13 4.59 4.68 0.01
Malawi 1.54 3.10 3.57 4.91 5.21 4.70 4.79 0.01
Malaysia 64.42 130.76 181.12 252.86 253.08 282.38 295.95 0.75
Maldives 0.09 0.63 0.68 1.59 1.21 1.79 1.88 0.00
Mali 0.32 0.80 0.94 3.53 6.84 7.18 7.41 0.02
Malta 2.32 2.13 2.63 1.67 1.62 1.79 1.81 0.00
Martinique 0.72 0.67 0.72 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.08 0.00
Mauritania 0.71 1.06 1.54 2.76 4.64 4.83 5.01 0.01
Mauritius 1.19 2.44 2.98 3.99 3.74 4.32 4.41 0.01
Mexico 289.66 396.74 447.33 490.43 439.04 475.60 475.99 1.20
Moldova 31.82 6.90 8.33 8.30 8.85 8.21 8.21 0.02
Mongolia 13.15 9.04 11.13 18.03 22.52 27.15 27.66 0.07
Morocco 22.46 33.57 44.66 61.15 67.59 70.05 70.04 0.18
Mozambique 1.16 1.57 2.67 6.46 7.95 10.72 10.11 0.03
Myanmar/Burma 4.43 10.04 11.24 19.74 34.72 31.24 31.36 0.08
Namibia 1.25 1.92 2.57 3.57 3.54 3.61 3.65 0.01
Nepal 1.09 3.42 3.28 7.32 16.46 15.43 15.89 0.04
Netherlands 164.82 176.85 182.18 169.35 142.16 122.92 118.79 0.30
New Caledonia 1.57 2.16 2.70 4.56 5.65 4.86 5.00 0.01
New Zealand 24.98 33.00 36.19 35.39 34.67 31.78 31.81 0.08
Nicaragua 1.96 3.77 4.41 5.50 4.75 5.54 5.74 0.01
Niger 0.62 0.70 0.80 2.17 2.41 3.16 3.21 0.01
Nigeria 75.11 100.20 102.97 118.45 118.92 125.87 131.91 0.33
North Korea 131.97 73.81 79.74 32.65 69.05 65.66 66.24 0.17
North Macedonia 11.19 9.04 9.66 7.93 7.58 8.02 7.30 0.02
Norway 36.31 41.77 43.31 47.95 43.71 41.60 40.00 0.10
Oman 16.41 26.32 33.04 79.32 82.17 95.73 98.51 0.25
Pakistan 65.64 111.89 133.92 178.28 222.60 208.89 203.99 0.51
Palau 2.16 2.12 1.74 1.20 1.28 1.40 1.47 0.00
Panama 2.72 5.19 7.10 10.63 9.71 12.74 12.37 0.03
Papua New Guinea 2.15 2.91 5.23 5.97 5.47 5.50 5.47 0.01
Paraguay 2.18 3.64 3.82 6.66 7.85 7.74 8.03 0.02
Peru 20.84 28.99 31.84 54.90 47.53 65.08 69.27 0.17
Philippines 42.70 74.26 78.88 113.19 136.38 162.45 174.11 0.44
Poland 371.53 313.03 317.10 305.79 296.88 280.65 276.06 0.70
Portugal 43.86 64.24 67.83 51.72 40.64 37.41 35.56 0.09
Puerto Rico 19.02 25.18 26.31 12.10 12.47 14.63 15.43 0.04
Qatar 16.98 31.75 43.56 114.08 115.34 129.20 135.27 0.34
Réunion 0.92 2.03 2.37 2.55 2.54 2.62 2.67 0.01
Romania 187.73 97.50 104.49 80.30 75.70 70.25 70.88 0.18
Russia 2436.27 1681.15 1739.30 1757.11 1784.20 1948.30 2009.15 5.07
Rwanda 0.55 0.68 0.74 1.11 1.46 2.29 2.31 0.01
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.00
Saint Lucia 0.07 0.10 0.12 0.18 0.28 0.30 0.31 0.00
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0.09 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.00
Samoa 0.12 0.19 0.22 0.33 0.31 0.33 0.35 0.00
São Tomé and Príncipe 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00
Saudi Arabia 173.90 265.24 346.38 611.45 577.11 635.43 652.51 1.65
Senegal 2.37 3.99 5.75 9.22 10.81 13.72 14.20 0.04
Serbia and Montenegro 66.15 50.64 61.59 57.95 59.04 56.77 55.58 0.14
Seychelles 0.27 0.75 0.96 0.99 0.84 0.84 0.88 0.00
Sierra Leone 0.63 0.43 0.57 1.02 1.23 1.41 1.46 0.00
Singapore 31.65 45.52 41.73 55.17 53.88 56.10 58.87 0.15
Slovakia 60.63 41.68 42.24 34.53 32.64 31.15 29.89 0.08
Slovenia 14.69 15.09 17.64 14.29 13.54 12.62 13.33 0.03
Solomon Islands 0.16 0.23 0.30 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.00
Somalia 0.63 0.63 0.75 0.82 0.79 0.85 0.87 0.00
South Africa 314.22 347.28 436.26 462.27 450.86 427.27 440.17 1.11
South Korea 260.23 466.40 515.98 643.80 617.34 590.37 588.01 1.48
Spain and Andorra 229.47 310.33 367.83 271.54 214.46 220.99 220.08 0.56
Sri Lanka 4.24 11.47 14.43 19.71 22.61 21.58 23.33 0.06
Sudan and South Sudan 5.55 6.00 10.87 21.56 21.67 21.70 21.87 0.06
Suriname 1.10 1.48 1.69 2.73 2.60 2.50 2.58 0.01
Sweden 57.14 57.98 54.53 42.90 38.04 36.67 37.77 0.10
Switzerland and Liechtenstein 44.76 44.76 47.03 40.22 35.94 33.67 33.73 0.09
Syria 33.00 45.90 58.81 28.14 31.75 31.36 31.45 0.08
Taiwan 130.66 237.33 280.15 296.08 289.24 281.84 280.49 0.71
Tajikistan 12.32 2.78 3.19 5.09 9.39 9.32 9.77 0.02
Tanzania 2.08 3.11 6.17 13.20 16.68 21.57 21.34 0.05
Thailand 95.39 174.84 229.23 281.47 275.63 275.03 283.81 0.72
The Gambia 0.12 0.27 0.33 0.51 0.42 0.47 0.49 0.00
Timor-Leste 0.07 0.35 0.35 0.70 0.68 0.66 0.70 0.00
Togo 0.76 1.25 1.31 1.55 2.42 2.53 2.63 0.01
Tonga 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.00
Trinidad and Tobago 12.67 19.17 35.02 36.76 29.80 26.95 26.79 0.07
Tunisia 14.77 21.13 23.45 30.72 28.72 31.21 32.18 0.08
Turkmenistan 45.69 39.34 52.90 67.91 76.83 94.73 81.41 0.21
Turks and Caicos Islands 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.08 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.00
Türkiye 155.16 227.06 246.09 367.84 423.09 446.44 460.03 1.16
Uganda 0.83 1.41 2.22 5.60 7.12 8.12 8.25 0.02
Ukraine 785.54 361.03 357.09 226.11 198.90 121.70 118.48 0.30
United Arab Emirates 56.89 88.46 122.46 206.85 195.67 192.70 200.56 0.51
United Kingdom 582.61 551.96 559.52 415.89 319.70 304.79 292.42 0.74
United States 4983.60 5928.76 5888.17 5132.98 4466.88 4618.27 4632.16 11.69
Uruguay 3.94 5.57 5.57 6.90 6.91 8.19 8.70 0.02
Uzbekistan 127.85 131.52 125.53 107.55 123.95 132.63 148.54 0.37
Vanuatu 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.16 0.25 0.27 0.29 0.00
Venezuela 102.58 137.75 155.94 175.93 76.67 96.39 96.41 0.24
Viet Nam 20.58 56.54 100.55 200.82 348.33 390.73 430.82 1.09
Western Sahara 0.15 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.20 0.29 0.30 0.00
Yemen 7.11 15.75 22.02 14.25 11.32 10.63 10.58 0.03
Zambia 3.03 1.95 2.47 5.85 9.53 11.36 11.57 0.03
Zimbabwe 17.41 14.66 11.51 12.69 9.07 12.57 12.86 0.03

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Conditions of use

©European Union 2025, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database, comprising IEA-EDGAR CO2, EDGAR CH4, EDGAR N2O and EDGAR F-gases version EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025). Unless otherwise noted, all material owned by the European Union is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. This means that reuse is allowed, provided that appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated.

All emissions, except for CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, are from the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database comprising IEA-EDGAR CO2, EDGAR CH4, EDGAR N2O and EDGAR F-gases version EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025).

IEA-EDGAR CO2, a component of the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database version EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025) including or based on data from IEA (2024) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy, www.iea.org/data-and-statistics, as modified by the Joint Research Centre.

IEA-EDGAR CO2 (v4) data are based on data from IEA (2024) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy, www.iea.org/data-and-statistics, as modified by the Joint Research Centre, licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users of the IEA-EDGAR CO2 data should contact the IEA at compliance@iea.org if they wish to use such data outside the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence.

Co-authorship and involvement of the EDGAR Community, which includes the IEA for fossil CO2 emissions, in the emission data analysis is highly appreciated. User's comments and requests can be sent via email to the authors. For IEA data, please refer to emissions@iea.org.

Disclaimer: Without prejudice to the rules applying to the information and data made available by the European Union (in particular the European Commission), as available here and to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, the European Union ("the Union") and the International Energy Agency ("IEA") disclaim all responsibility or liability in relation to any and all information distributed, published or otherwise made available by them on the EDGAR website, in this dataset and/or in this publication. The Union and the IEA provide any such information as-is and as-available, and make no representations, conditions or warranties of any kind concerning this information, whether express, implied, statutory, or other (including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of title, non-infringement, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose). To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event shall the Union or the IEA be liable to any third party on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of the distribution, publication, making available or use of any such information.

How to cite the content of reports

Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Pagani, F., Banja, M., Muntean, M. et al., GHG emissions of all world countries - 2025 Report, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2025, doi:10.2760/9816914, JRC143227.

How to cite the use of underlying data

EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG Database, a collaboration between the European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), the International Energy Agency (IEA), and comprising IEA-EDGAR CO2, EDGAR CH4, EDGAR N2O, EDGAR F-GASES version EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025) European Commission, JRC (Datasets). The complete citation of the EDGAR Community GHG Database is available in the 'Sources and References' section.

IEA-EDGAR CO2, a component of the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database version EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025) including or based on data from IEA (2024) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy, www.iea.org/data-and-statistics, as modified by the Joint Research Centre.

Users of the data are obliged to acknowledge the source of the data also with reference to the EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025) website (link) and/or relevant reports.

Contacts

For more information or data: JRC-EDGAR@ec.europa.eu. For IEA data, please refer to emissions@iea.org or compliance@iea.org for terms questions.