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Fossil CO2 emissions of all world countries

2020 report

Introduction

The global GHG emissions trend has increased since the beginning of the 21st century in comparison to the three previous decades, mainly due to the increase in CO2 emissions from China and the other emerging economies. As a result, the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases substantially increased enhancing the natural greenhouse effect, which may negatively affect the life on the Earth. These issues are internationally addressed in the framework of UNFCCC; countries are developing national emissions inventories and propose/implement actions to mitigate GHG emissions. CO2 emissions, which are the main responsible for global warming are still increasing at world level despite climate change mitigation agreements.

EDGAR provides an independent estimate of greenhouse gases for each world country, based on a robust and consistent methodology stemming from the latest IPCC guidelines and most recent activity data. Following the latest update released in September 2020, emission data are now available for fossil CO2 for each country for the time period 1970-2019 while national emissions for other GHGs are available for 1970-2015.

2020 report
Fossil CO2 and GHG emissions of all world countries

Main findings

Global CO2 emissions from fossil fuels combustion and processes further increased by 0.9% in 2019, about half of the previous annual growth rate (+1.9% in 2018), reaching a total of 38.0 Gt CO2. In 2019, China, the United States, India, the EU27+UK, Russia and Japan - the world’s largest CO2 emitters - together accounted for 51% of the population, 62.5% of global Gross Domestic Product, 62% of total global fossil fuel consumption and emitted 67% of total global fossil CO2. Emissions from these five countries and the EU28 show different changes in 2019 compared to 2018: the largest relative increase is found for China (+3.4%), followed by India (+1.6%). On the contrary, the EU27+UK (-3.8%), the United States (-2.6%), Japan (-2.1%) and Russia (-0.8%) reduced their fossil CO2 emissions.

Global fossil CO2 emissions per unit of GDP continued their decreasing trend (-1.7% in 2019 and -33.8% between 2019 and 1990) reaching the average value of 0.298 tCO2/kUSD/yr, while per capita emissions remained substantially stable in 2019 to 4.93 tCO2/capita/yr, confirming a 15.9% increase from 1990.

EU27+UK total fossil CO2 emissions have decreased over the past two decades and are in 2019 25.1% lower than in 1990 and 22.2% lower than in 2005. EU27+UK emissions share on the global total also decreased from 9.6% to 8.7% between 2015 and 2019. Per capita emissions in 2019 amounted to 6.47 t CO2/cap/yr, still above the global per capita average, while emissions per unit of GDP decreased to 0.144 tCO2/kUSD/yr, less than half the global average.


Fossil CO2 and GHG emissions (2018-2015 vs 1990)

How to cite

Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., Solazzo, E., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Olivier, J.G.J., Vignati, E., Fossil CO2 emissions of all world countries - 2020 Report, EUR 30358 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2020, ISBN 978-92-76-21515-8, doi:10.2760/143674, JRC121460.

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Fossil CO2 and GHG emissions of all world countries - 2020 Report
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EDGARv5.0 FT2019 fossil CO2 booklet2020
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Fossil CO2 per capita emissions (1970 to 2019)

Fossil CO2 emissions by country

The data are presented in the table below for key years, to allow easy comparison of different countries.

"Country names" are consistent with the Interinstitutional Style Guide of the European Commission, the "Short name" definition listed in the "List of countries, territories and currencies" table has been used (as of 07/07/2020)

EDGAR data are expressed in metric units.



Country 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2018 2019
unit ton CO2/cap ton CO2/cap ton CO2/cap ton CO2/cap ton CO2/cap ton CO2/cap ton CO2/cap ton CO2/cap
EU27+UK 9.24 8.59 8.46 8.58 7.78 6.88 6.74 6.47
GLOBAL TOTAL 4.26 4.13 4.18 4.60 4.89 4.91 4.94 4.93
Afghanistan 0.21 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.20 0.29 0.29 0.30
Albania 2.03 0.68 1.05 1.36 1.56 1.70 1.86 1.93
Algeria 2.62 2.78 2.68 2.95 3.22 4.07 4.08 4.23
Angola 0.93 0.91 1.01 0.82 1.02 1.13 0.83 0.81
Anguilla 0.73 1.67 1.40 1.08 1.74 1.92 1.59 1.54
Antigua and Barbuda 3.35 3.53 2.92 3.17 3.77 6.25 5.08 4.90
Argentina 3.30 3.66 4.07 4.23 4.65 4.90 4.59 4.42
Armenia 5.85 1.12 1.19 1.52 1.55 1.72 2.11 2.02
Aruba 4.78 5.54 4.97 4.70 4.90 9.20 7.61 7.39
Australia 16.29 16.75 18.58 19.37 18.68 16.98 16.79 17.27
Austria 8.15 8.17 8.44 9.81 8.96 7.95 8.05 8.25
Azerbaijan 7.54 4.22 3.46 3.57 2.74 3.41 3.40 3.59
Bahamas 5.95 5.70 5.48 6.28 4.84 7.75 6.30 6.08
Bahrain 24.17 27.01 26.73 26.28 23.24 24.50 21.00 21.64
Bangladesh 0.14 0.18 0.21 0.28 0.39 0.50 0.56 0.66
Barbados 2.98 2.69 6.11 7.89 8.36 11.16 11.90 13.34
Belarus 10.67 6.18 5.82 6.37 7.08 6.37 6.93 7.03
Belgium 11.59 12.02 12.14 11.25 10.59 9.22 9.10 9.03
Belize 1.00 0.90 1.27 1.55 0.78 1.22 0.94 0.95
Benin 0.08 0.07 0.23 0.36 0.56 0.57 0.69 0.69
Bermuda 5.51 4.16 4.36 4.36 5.59 6.91 5.88 5.75
Bhutan 0.39 0.69 0.79 0.78 1.81 1.48 2.54 2.57
Bolivia 0.95 1.12 1.00 1.10 1.50 1.83 2.15 2.15
Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.50 0.93 3.81 4.47 5.96 6.80 7.98 9.57
Botswana 2.05 2.13 2.42 2.41 1.74 3.25 3.24 2.96
Brazil 1.53 1.71 2.07 2.04 2.27 2.53 2.28 2.25
British Virgin Islands 1.60 1.52 1.42 1.36 2.62 4.94 3.93 3.77
Brunei 12.92 15.81 14.67 14.17 18.88 15.61 16.83 15.98
Bulgaria 9.31 7.16 5.95 6.74 6.55 6.77 6.39 6.20
Burkina Faso 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.17 0.18 0.18
Burundi 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
Cabo Verde 0.14 0.27 0.36 0.48 0.66 1.65 1.78 1.83
Cambodia 0.05 0.14 0.16 0.20 0.35 0.56 0.98 1.00
Cameroon 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.32 0.38 0.41 0.40 0.40
Canada 16.37 16.65 18.14 17.97 16.59 16.34 16.06 15.69
Cayman Islands 5.94 5.85 4.17 3.87 5.13 8.23 6.63 6.38
Central African Republic 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.10
Chad 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.06
Chile 2.49 2.89 3.50 3.65 4.24 4.77 5.03 4.90
China 2.05 2.74 2.87 4.75 6.74 7.64 7.88 8.12
Colombia 1.53 1.65 1.53 1.41 1.45 1.66 1.58 1.74
Comoros 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.19 0.20 0.24 0.25 0.25
Congo 0.98 0.98 1.41 1.17 1.21 1.06 1.07 1.05
Cook Islands 2.33 1.65 2.40 2.97 3.16 2.26 2.37 2.51
Costa Rica 0.94 1.42 1.31 1.49 1.60 1.61 1.74 1.80
Côte d’Ivoire 0.25 0.26 0.42 0.36 0.37 0.50 0.53 0.53
Croatia 5.27 3.71 4.43 5.41 4.96 4.39 4.55 4.62
Cuba 3.64 2.19 2.60 2.32 2.98 2.70 2.72 2.70
Curaçao 37.32 39.25 40.81 36.91 42.02 46.68 37.57 36.38
Cyprus 5.92 6.56 7.44 7.67 7.17 5.95 6.21 6.19
Czechia 15.75 12.95 12.70 12.40 11.46 10.16 10.27 9.94
Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03
Denmark 10.42 11.78 10.10 9.48 8.83 5.98 5.86 5.39
Djibouti 1.86 2.00 1.79 1.88 1.32 1.00 1.05 1.06
Dominica 0.46 0.88 0.93 0.76 1.14 1.72 1.43 1.38
Dominican Republic 1.12 1.52 2.31 2.10 2.16 2.24 2.27 2.48
Ecuador 1.72 1.82 1.73 2.06 2.54 2.65 2.48 2.38
Egypt 1.59 1.55 1.81 2.31 2.52 2.56 2.57 2.52
El Salvador 0.50 0.92 0.99 1.15 1.09 1.18 1.08 1.11
Equatorial Guinea 0.23 2.58 4.13 4.45 4.59 3.22 2.62 2.55
Eritrea 0.07 0.24 0.20 0.17 0.11 0.14 0.14 0.14
Estonia 24.58 13.08 12.13 14.50 16.59 15.07 17.10 14.19
Eswatini 0.70 0.64 1.58 1.39 1.70 0.87 0.86 0.81
Ethiopia 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.14 0.17 0.17
Falkland Islands 6.55 6.01 4.76 5.60 8.19 13.02 10.63 10.87
Faroes 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
Fiji 1.41 0.99 1.41 2.65 1.40 1.36 1.40 1.48
Finland 11.46 11.63 11.17 11.10 12.27 8.36 8.54 7.81
France and Monaco 6.78 6.56 6.75 6.67 6.02 5.00 4.93 4.81
French Guiana 3.20 3.50 3.17 2.41 2.26 2.68 2.06 2.06
French Polynesia 4.23 2.21 2.32 3.08 3.31 1.94 1.97 2.08
Gabon 6.48 5.22 5.37 4.56 3.63 3.33 1.69 1.65
Georgia 6.42 1.72 1.14 1.11 1.47 2.57 3.33 3.45
Germany 12.87 11.31 10.69 10.26 10.10 9.63 9.13 8.52
Ghana 0.22 0.25 0.32 0.34 0.47 0.58 0.55 0.56
Gibraltar 4.93 9.35 10.94 12.66 14.31 16.79 19.70 19.88
Greece 7.73 7.90 8.71 9.28 7.86 6.29 6.14 5.89
Greenland 0.06 0.06 0.06 11.08 11.76 9.18 9.36 9.47
Grenada 0.77 0.74 0.69 1.22 1.36 2.62 2.17 2.10
Guadeloupe 2.27 2.45 2.35 2.35 2.64 5.01 4.26 4.17
Guatemala 0.42 0.65 0.83 0.90 0.80 1.05 1.16 1.21
Guinea 0.18 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.21 0.22 0.22
Guinea-Bissau 0.19 0.19 0.21 0.21 0.26 0.21 0.22 0.22
Guyana 0.45 0.64 1.06 0.97 1.05 2.17 1.90 1.94
Haiti 0.16 0.14 0.19 0.24 0.24 0.32 0.33 0.32
Honduras 0.48 0.67 0.78 1.06 0.98 1.12 1.06 1.08
Hong Kong 5.91 6.10 6.17 6.14 6.08 6.19 6.05 5.88
Hungary 6.95 5.94 5.71 5.95 5.23 4.83 5.53 5.51
Iceland 9.20 9.15 10.21 10.75 11.61 11.67 12.28 11.53
India 0.69 0.83 0.94 1.07 1.43 1.75 1.89 1.90
Indonesia 0.90 1.22 1.40 1.60 1.73 1.91 2.17 2.32
Iran 3.64 4.60 5.33 6.66 7.66 7.85 8.28 8.48
Iraq 3.97 5.47 3.68 3.30 4.09 4.69 4.73 4.89
Ireland 9.22 9.67 11.50 11.23 8.93 8.06 7.91 7.54
Israel and Palestine. State of 7.84 9.04 9.88 9.41 9.72 8.25 7.83 7.96
Italy. San Marino and the Holy See 7.53 7.66 8.02 8.45 7.13 5.96 5.76 5.60
Jamaica 3.10 3.47 3.85 3.87 2.65 2.58 2.58 2.56
Japan 9.23 9.66 9.74 9.95 9.31 9.60 9.27 9.09
Jordan 2.87 3.04 3.04 3.46 2.87 2.81 2.73 2.81
Kazakhstan 15.19 11.34 8.71 11.73 14.82 14.18 15.33 14.92
Kenya 0.28 0.24 0.27 0.25 0.32 0.36 0.38 0.38
Kiribati 0.28 0.19 0.23 0.35 0.50 0.27 0.27 0.28
Kuwait 15.53 25.08 26.75 33.04 28.77 23.91 22.61 23.29
Kyrgyzstan 5.42 1.04 0.99 1.08 1.21 1.81 1.72 1.92
Laos 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.18 0.27 0.37 0.96 0.96
Latvia 7.56 3.77 3.17 3.66 4.30 3.92 4.14 4.38
Lebanon 2.21 4.77 4.71 4.14 4.74 4.27 4.39 4.52
Lesotho 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.26 0.32 0.33 0.33
Liberia 0.20 0.13 0.11 0.15 0.15 0.24 0.24 0.24
Libya 8.37 10.05 9.33 9.79 9.96 8.67 7.80 7.92
Lithuania 9.55 4.20 3.36 4.21 4.42 4.58 4.85 4.81
Luxembourg 30.78 22.10 20.26 26.55 22.14 16.48 16.18 16.31
Macao 2.86 2.22 2.81 3.36 2.20 1.84 1.90 1.98
Madagascar 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.10 0.16 0.17 0.16
Malawi 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.08
Malaysia 3.18 4.45 5.72 7.12 7.71 8.19 7.75 7.67
Maldives 0.29 0.93 1.37 1.51 2.42 1.96 1.93 2.02
Mali 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05
Malta 6.45 6.36 5.45 6.81 6.31 3.99 2.38 2.41
Martinique 2.63 3.07 2.74 2.82 3.39 6.15 5.20 5.07
Mauritania 0.34 1.15 0.95 0.93 0.57 0.65 1.66 1.64
Mauritius 1.13 1.39 2.06 2.44 2.95 3.17 3.60 3.41
Mexico 3.41 3.47 3.91 4.14 4.09 3.90 3.77 3.67
Moldova 7.32 2.81 1.62 1.96 2.05 2.03 2.31 2.29
Mongolia 6.02 4.50 3.77 4.39 5.30 5.87 11.30 11.35
Morocco 0.90 1.08 1.16 1.45 1.60 1.77 1.84 2.02
Mozambique 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.13 0.15 0.24 0.29 0.29
Myanmar/Burma 0.11 0.17 0.22 0.23 0.17 0.48 0.87 0.89
Namibia 1.09 1.09 1.01 1.23 1.42 1.70 1.69 1.67
Nepal 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.13 0.18 0.23 0.49 0.50
Netherlands 10.77 11.46 11.08 11.08 11.12 9.98 9.48 9.13
New Caledonia 9.56 6.53 8.84 10.55 19.71 18.67 55.01 55.25
New Zealand 7.03 7.40 8.67 8.92 7.81 7.80 7.79 8.07
Nicaragua 0.48 0.59 0.75 0.80 0.81 0.92 0.90 0.92
Niger 0.11 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.10
Nigeria 0.78 0.82 0.82 0.72 0.57 0.49 0.50 0.50
North Korea 6.50 4.08 3.22 3.33 2.15 1.07 1.62 1.64
North Macedonia 5.61 4.39 4.45 4.71 4.43 3.85 3.73 4.28
Norway 8.79 9.55 9.52 9.53 9.56 8.81 9.09 8.89
Oman 8.60 8.52 11.17 13.14 17.26 19.02 18.80 18.55
Pakistan 0.61 0.73 0.79 0.86 0.90 0.90 1.10 1.09
Palau 142.83 136.13 110.64 87.11 103.08 56.14 56.83 59.88
Panama 1.11 1.60 1.72 2.16 2.59 2.91 2.70 2.75
Papua New Guinea 0.53 0.37 0.41 0.69 0.43 0.48 0.46 0.47
Paraguay 0.54 0.83 0.71 0.68 0.84 0.96 1.20 1.21
Peru 0.96 1.08 1.12 1.15 1.54 1.72 1.71 1.71
Philippines 0.71 0.96 0.98 0.95 0.93 1.15 1.36 1.39
Poland 9.78 9.25 8.10 8.23 8.55 7.95 8.72 8.35
Portugal 4.39 5.25 6.23 6.44 5.02 5.03 5.00 4.73
Puerto Rico 0.59 0.51 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.77 0.97 1.07
Qatar 35.69 40.91 53.59 50.22 39.23 39.20 38.79 38.82
Réunion 1.65 2.31 2.75 2.99 3.56 3.10 3.32 3.40
Romania 7.97 5.72 4.39 4.89 4.05 4.00 4.11 4.04
Russia 16.22 11.78 11.44 12.07 12.10 12.03 12.54 12.45
Rwanda 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09
Saint Helena. Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 1.72 1.10 2.19 2.27 2.75 3.71 3.93 3.87
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.84 0.87 0.78 1.30 2.78 4.37 3.56 3.44
Saint Lucia 0.55 0.78 1.11 0.97 1.24 2.05 1.70 1.65
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 23.56 5.85 5.51 4.98 5.65 11.96 9.97 9.72
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.35 0.69 0.65 0.87 0.99 1.63 1.36 1.32
Samoa 0.79 0.56 0.63 0.67 0.64 0.65 0.66 0.70
São Tomé and Príncipe 0.41 0.42 0.38 0.37 0.76 0.74 0.74 0.75
Saudi Arabia 10.60 11.51 12.73 14.21 17.44 19.14 18.04 18.00
Senegal 0.32 0.32 0.41 0.52 0.55 0.56 0.59 0.59
Serbia and Montenegro 6.55 4.46 5.03 6.26 6.19 6.03 6.31 7.55
Seychelles 4.07 4.79 5.08 7.64 10.14 9.47 10.36 10.98
Sierra Leone 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.09 0.11 0.17 0.17 0.18
Singapore 10.48 11.83 11.55 9.56 10.05 9.27 9.09 9.09
Slovakia 11.45 8.47 7.84 7.81 7.39 6.37 7.01 6.60
Slovenia 8.29 8.00 7.89 9.18 8.75 7.28 7.66 7.38
Solomon Islands 0.43 0.28 0.41 0.40 0.35 0.21 0.21 0.22
Somalia 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06
South Africa 8.32 7.67 7.55 8.87 9.01 8.64 8.49 8.52
South Korea 6.31 8.93 10.21 10.60 12.06 12.63 13.16 12.70
Spain and Andorra 5.86 6.40 7.63 8.38 6.16 5.85 5.86 5.58
Sri Lanka 0.25 0.34 0.61 0.74 0.68 1.04 1.21 1.31
Sudan and South Sudan 0.22 0.16 0.18 0.28 0.38 0.38 0.40 0.40
Suriname 2.23 1.94 3.15 3.38 3.27 3.84 3.54 3.59
Sweden 6.78 7.13 6.57 6.18 5.68 4.53 4.37 4.45
Switzerland and Liechtenstein 6.73 6.37 6.27 6.36 5.93 4.84 4.51 4.57
Syria 2.65 2.81 2.79 3.21 2.97 1.55 1.54 1.58
Taiwan 6.12 7.97 10.52 11.93 11.76 11.35 12.10 11.65
Tajikistan 2.32 0.53 0.45 0.48 0.41 0.62 0.83 0.96
Tanzania 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.15 0.16 0.24 0.22 0.22
Thailand 1.65 2.72 2.73 3.46 3.66 4.00 4.04 3.97
The Gambia 0.16 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.28 0.26 0.26 0.27
Timor-Leste 0.17 0.11 0.39 0.26 0.23 0.32 0.28 0.28
Togo 0.20 0.18 0.25 0.23 0.39 0.33 0.34 0.35
Tonga 0.68 0.98 1.11 1.19 1.69 1.08 1.10 1.16
Trinidad and Tobago 10.36 10.75 14.63 23.93 29.15 27.00 23.76 23.81
Tunisia 1.79 1.89 2.18 2.31 2.63 2.72 2.68 2.72
Turkmenistan 12.39 8.24 8.71 11.14 12.11 13.56 14.16 15.23
Turks and Caicos Islands 0.60 0.45 0.72 0.21 3.43 4.81 3.85 3.70
Türkiye 2.78 3.03 3.60 3.62 4.27 4.66 5.15 5.01
Uganda 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12
Ukraine 15.22 9.07 7.33 7.56 6.74 4.79 4.61 4.48
United Arab Emirates 30.60 31.63 28.01 26.73 20.78 22.05 22.62 22.99
United Kingdom 10.28 9.56 9.38 9.31 7.94 6.36 5.61 5.45
United States 20.06 20.17 20.98 20.16 18.04 16.41 16.05 15.52
Uruguay 1.25 1.47 1.65 1.66 1.90 1.98 1.85 1.89
Uzbekistan 6.02 4.45 4.87 4.39 3.76 3.40 3.02 2.90
Vanuatu 0.89 0.27 0.31 0.30 0.51 0.29 0.29 0.30
Venezuela 5.16 5.40 5.42 5.70 6.52 5.41 3.79 3.36
Vietnam 0.30 0.46 0.70 1.18 1.75 2.19 2.67 3.13
Western Sahara 0.66 0.62 0.66 0.52 0.55 0.48 0.50 0.51
Yemen 0.57 0.71 0.87 1.06 1.11 0.52 0.36 0.37
Zambia 0.37 0.25 0.18 0.20 0.16 0.28 0.43 0.41
Zimbabwe 1.69 1.42 1.19 0.88 0.71 0.80 0.70 0.63

Sources and references

BP 2018-2019 data of the BP Statistical Review of World Energy, https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html, June 2020.

IEA energy balance statistics for 1970-2015 (2017) (http://www.iea.org).

Olivier, J.G.J. and Peters, J.A.H.W.: Trend in Global CO2 and GHG Emissions - 2020 Report, PBL Report, forthcoming, 2020.

IFA (2020) urea consumption (updates 1970-2017) and production (updates 2017-2018) statistics.

IMF/WEO data of annual GDP growth for missing data in the WB dataset for recent years. World Economic Outlook Update April 2019. International Monetary Fund, 2019.

UNDP: population statistics (2019), World Population Prospects (WPP), The 2019 Revision Report United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019.

USGS: data of cement, lime, ammonia and ferroalloys of the USGS Commodity Statistics (June 2020), (https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity), 2020.

WB data of GDP (expressed in 1000 US dollar, and adjusted to the Purchasing Power Parity of 2017) for 1990-2019, World Bank, July 2020.

World Steel Association, worldsteel, Steel Statistical Yearbook 2020 (pdf), 2020.

Contacts

For more information or data: JRC-EDGAR@ec.europa.eu