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Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions

EDGAR_2024_GHG

Introduction

EDGAR_2024_GHG is the 2024 data release of the EDGAR Community GHG emissions database, which is the outcome of an agreement between JRC and IEA to work more closely to gather and provide consistent harmonised CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion.

This dataset provides estimates for emissions of the three main greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) and fluorinated gases per sector and country.

CO2 emissions are provided separately for the fossil and bio components. Emissions of fossil CO2 (also named CO2_excl_short-cycle_org_C) include all fossil CO2 sources, such as fossil fuel combustion, non-metallic mineral processes (e.g. cement production), metal (ferrous and non-ferrous) production processes, urea production, agricultural liming and solvents use. To harmonise global fossil CO2 emission estimates, we incorporate IEA CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion sources (2023b), in the joint IEA-EDGAR CO2 emission dataset (v3). Emissions of bio CO2 (also named CO2_short-cycle_org_C) include emissions from the combustion of biofuels (e.g. primary solid biomass, liquid biofuels, etc.). Large scale biomass burning with Savannah burning, forest fires, and sources and sinks from land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) are excluded. Preliminary estimates of wild fires and LULUCF emissions up to 2023 can be found at: https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2024.

Emissions of fluorinated gases have been derived by multiple sources, most notably from country reporting where available. When not the case, activity data statistics have been derived by UNEP data, from scientific literature and expert judgment.

For the energy related sectors the activity data for non-CO2 emissions are primarily based on IEA data (2023a) World Energy Balances, (www.iea.org), all rights reserved, as modified by Joint Research Centre, European Commission, whereas the activity data for the agricultural sectors originate primarily from FAO (2024) (https://www.fao.org/faostat). United States Geological Survey (USGS), International Fertiliser Association (IFA), Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership (GGFR)/U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), UNFCCC and World Steel Association (worldsteel) recent statistics are also used for activity data. Additional information can be found in Crippa et al. (2024a).

GHG emissions are expressed in CO2eq using the Global Warming Potential values of the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC (Mhyre et al., 2013, pages 73-97 of the pdf).

Gridded emissions are obtained following the methodology described in Crippa et al. (2024b).

Compared to previous EDGAR data releases the following updates have been included:

  • Update of activity data for combustion related emissions based on IEA (2023a) data up to the year 2021.
  • Update of activity data for agriculture related emissions based on FAO statistics (2024) up to 2021.
  • Update of all activity data up to 2023 for CO2 process emissions, as reported in Crippa et al. 2024a.
  • Extension of GHG emission time series for the latest years up to 2023 using a Fast Track approach as described in Guizzardi et al. (2024) and Crippa et al. (2024a).
  • Update of power plant spatial proxies using the Global Energy Monitor data (August 2024 release, https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/global-integrated-power-tracker/), including oil fired power plants (not available in previous versions).
  • Update of iron and steel spatial proxies over Europe using the IED (Industrial Reporting under the Industrial Emissions Directive) database only (https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/datahub/datahubitem-view/9405f714-8015-4b5b-a63c-280b82861b3d).

Annual totals by sector and country (1970-2023)

Monthly totals by sector and country (1970-2023)

Annual gridmaps (1970-2023)

Annual sector-specific gridmaps (1970-2023)

Monthly sector-specific gridmaps (2000-2023)

Sources and references

Artés, T., Oom, D., De Rigo, D., Durrant, T.H., Maianti, P., Libertà, G. and San-Miguel-Ayanz, J. A global wildfire dataset for the analysis of fire regimes and fire behaviour. Scientific data, 6(1), 1-11 (2019). doi:10.1038/s41597-019-0312-2.

Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Pagani, F., Banja, M., Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Becker, W.E., Quadrelli, R., Risquez Martin, A., Taghavi-Moharamli, P., Köykkä, J., Grassi, G., Rossi, S., Melo, J., Oom, D., Branco, A., San-Miguel, J., Manca, G., Pisoni, E., Vignati, E. and Pekar, F., GHG emissions of all world countries, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2024a, doi:10.2760/4002897, JRC138862.

Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Pagani, F., Schiavina, M., Melchiorri, M., Pisoni, E., Graziosi, F., Muntean, M., Maes, J., Dijkstra, L., Van Damme, M., Clarisse, L., and Coheur, P.: Insights into the spatial distribution of global, national, and subnational greenhouse gas emissions in the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v8.0), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2811–2830, doi:10.5194/essd-16-2811-2024, 2024b.

EI, Energy Institute, 2024 Statistical Review of World Energy, 2024, https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review, Last access: July 2024.

FAOSTAT (2024), Statistics Division of the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the UN: www.fao.org/faostat, Last access May 2024.

Global Flaring and Methane Reduction Partnership (GFMR), 2012-2023 data for gas consumption for flaring, 2024, https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/gasflaringreduction/global-flaring-data#indicators-by-country, Last Access: June 2024.

Guizzardi, D., Becker, W., Pagani, F., Muntean, M. and Crippa, M.: Developing up-to date global emission inventories: completeness, readiness and independence of the EDGAR database, Scientific Data, in review, 2024.

IATA (2024), International Air Transport Association Statistics, www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/pressroom/fact-sheets/industry-statistics, 2024.

IEA World Energy Balances - 2023 Edition, www.iea.org, All rights reserved, as modified by Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 2023a.

IEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy - 2023 Edition, www.iea.org, 2023b.

IEA World energy balances: IEA family and beyond, April 2024 Edition, www.iea.org.

IFA (2024), Urea consumption (updates 2010-2019) and production (updates 2020) statistics, 2024, www.ifastat.org/.

Myhre, G., D. Shindell, F.M. Bréon, W. Collins, J. Fuglestvedt, J. Huang, D. Koch, J.F. Lamarque, D. Lee, B. Mendoza, T. Nakajima, A. Robock, G. Stephens, T. Takemura and H. Zhang, 2013: Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

USGS, USGS Commodity Statistics (May 2024), (www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/commodity-statistics-and-information), 2024.

WB (2024), data of GDP PPP, (constant 2017 international $) (expressed in 1000 US dollar, and adjusted to the Purchasing Power Parity of 2017) for 1990-2023, World Bank, July 2024.

World Steel Association, (worldsteel) (2024), Steel Statistical Yearbook 2024, https://worldsteel.org, 2024.

Conditions of use

©European Union 2024, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database, comprising IEA-EDGAR CO2, EDGAR CH4, EDGAR N2O and EDGAR F-gases version 2024. Unless otherwise noted, all material owned by the European Union is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. This means that reuse is allowed, provided that appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated.

All emissions, except for CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, are from the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database comprising IEA-EDGAR CO2, EDGAR CH4, EDGAR N2O and EDGAR F-gases version 2024.

IEA-EDGAR CO2, a component of the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database version 2024 including or based on data from IEA (2023) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy, www.iea.org/data-and-statistics, as modified by the Joint Research Centre.

IEA-EDGAR CO2 data are based on data from IEA (2023) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy, www.iea.org/data-and-statistics, as modified by the Joint Research Centre, licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users of the IEA-EDGAR CO2 data should contact the IEA at compliance@iea.org if they wish to use such data outside the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence.

Co-authorship and involvement of the EDGAR Community, which includes the IEA for fossil CO2 emissions, in the emission data analysis is highly appreciated. User's comments and requests can be sent via email to the authors. For IEA data, please refer to emissions@iea.org.

Disclaimer: Without prejudice to the rules applying to the information and data made available by the European Union (in particular the European Commission), as available here and to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, the European Union ("the Union") and the International Energy Agency ("IEA") disclaim all responsibility or liability in relation to any and all information distributed, published or otherwise made available by them on the EDGAR website, in this dataset and/or in this publication. The Union and the IEA provide any such information as-is and as-available, and make no representations, conditions or warranties of any kind concerning this information, whether express, implied, statutory, or other (including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of title, non-infringement, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose). To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event shall the Union or the IEA be liable to any third party on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of the distribution, publication, making available or use of any such information.

How to cite the content of reports

Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Pagani, F., Banja, M., Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Becker, W.E., Quadrelli, R., Risquez Martin, A., Taghavi-Moharamli, P., Köykkä, J., Grassi, G., Rossi, S., Melo, J., Oom, D., Branco, A., San-Miguel, J., Manca, G., Pisoni, E., Vignati, E. and Pekar, F., GHG emissions of all world countries, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2024, doi:10.2760/4002897, JRC138862

How to cite the use of underlying data

EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG Database, a collaboration between the European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), the International Energy Agency (IEA), and comprising IEA-EDGAR CO2, EDGAR CH4, EDGAR N2O, EDGAR F-GASES version 2024 European Commission, JRC (Datasets). The complete citation of the EDGAR Community GHG Database is available in the 'Sources and References' section.

IEA-EDGAR CO2, a component of the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database version 2024 including or based on data from IEA (2023) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy, www.iea.org/data-and-statistics, as modified by the Joint Research Centre.

Users of the data are obliged to acknowledge the source of the data also with reference to the EDGARv2024 website (link) and/or relevant reports.

Contacts

For more information or data: JRC-EDGAR@ec.europa.eu.
For IEA data, please refer to emissions@iea.org or compliance@iea.org for terms questions.