EDGAR_2025_GHG
EDGAR_2025_GHG is the 2025 data release of the EDGAR Community GHG emissions database, which is the outcome of an agreement between JRC and IEA to work more closely to gather and provide consistent harmonised CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion.
This dataset provides estimates for emissions of the three main greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) and fluorinated gases per sector and country.
CO2 emissions are provided separately for the fossil and bio components. Emissions of fossil CO2 (also named IEA-EDGAR CO2) include all fossil CO2 sources, such as fossil fuel combustion, non-metallic mineral processes (e.g. cement production), metal (ferrous and non-ferrous) production processes, urea production, agricultural liming and solvents use. To harmonise global fossil CO2 emission estimates, we incorporate IEA CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion sources (2024b), in the joint IEA-EDGAR CO2 emission dataset (v4). Emissions of bio CO2 (also named EDGAR CO2bio) include emissions from the combustion of biofuels (e.g. primary solid biomass, liquid biofuels, etc.). Large scale biomass burning with Savannah burning, forest fires, and sources and sinks from land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) are excluded. Preliminary estimates of wild fires and LULUCF emissions up to 2024 can be found at: https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2025.
Emissions of fluorinated gases have been derived by multiple sources, most notably from country reporting where available. When not the case, activity data statistics have been derived by UNEP data, from scientific literature and expert judgment.
For the energy related sectors the activity data for non-CO2 emissions are primarily based on IEA data (2024a) World Energy Balances, (www.iea.org), all rights reserved, as modified by Joint Research Centre, European Commission, whereas the activity data for the agricultural sectors originate primarily from FAO (2025) (https://www.fao.org/faostat). United States Geological Survey (USGS), International Fertiliser Association (IFA), Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership (GGFR)/U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), UNFCCC and World Steel Association (worldsteel) recent statistics are also used for activity data. Additional information can be found in Crippa et al. (2024a).
GHG emissions are expressed in CO2eq using the Global Warming Potential values of the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC (Mhyre et al., 2013, pages 73-97 of the pdf).
Gridded emissions are obtained following the methodology described in Crippa et al. (2024b).
Compared to previous EDGAR data releases the following updates have been included:
For each substance emission time series (1970-2024) by sector and country are provided in an overview table (.xlsx). Emission country totals are expressed in kton substance / year. The IPCC 1996 and 2006 codes are used for specification of the sectors.
Monthly emission time series (1970-2024) by sector and country are provided in an overview table (.xls) for the three main greenhouse gases. Monthly emissions are calculated using the temporal distribution profiles described in Crippa et al. (2020) for all sectors with the exception of international shipping emissions which are distributed accordingly with the work published by Jalkanen et al. (2012) and Johansson et al. (2017). No information is currently available within EDGAR to modulate the annual variability of F-gas emissions. For this reason, we recommend the user to equally distribute F-gas emissions over the months of the year applying a scaling factor of 1/12. Emission country totals are expressed in kton substance / month. The IPCC 1996 and 2006 codes are used for specification of the sectors.
For each substance annual gridmaps (1970-2024) are provided. Emission gridmaps are expressed in ton substance / 0.1degree x 0.1degree / year for the .txt and .nc files. Emission fluxes are expressed in kg substance /m2 /s for the .nc files.
For each sector annual gridmaps (1970-2024) are provided for CH4, N2O and CO2. Sector specific gridmaps for fluorinated gases can be downloaded in section 'Annual gridmaps 1970-2024'. Emission gridmaps are expressed in ton substance / 0.1degree x 0.1degree / year for the .txt and .nc files. Emission fluxes are expressed in kg substance /m2 /s for the .nc files. The IPCC 1996 and 2006 codes are used for specification of the sectors.
Monthly emission gridmaps (2000-2024) are provided for all substances and sectors using the temporal distribution profiles described in Crippa et al. (2020).
Artés, T., Oom, D., De Rigo, D., Durrant, T.H., Maianti, P., Libertà, G. and San-Miguel-Ayanz, J. A global wildfire dataset for the analysis of fire regimes and fire behaviour. Scientific data, 6(1), 1-11 (2019). doi:10.1038/s41597-019-0312-2.
Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Pagani, F., Banja, M., Muntean, M. et al., GHG emissions of all world countries - 2025 Report, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2025, doi:10.2760/9816914, JRC143227.
Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Pagani, F., Schiavina, M., Melchiorri, M., Pisoni, E., Graziosi, F., Muntean, M., Maes, J., Dijkstra, L., Van Damme, M., Clarisse, L., and Coheur, P.: Insights into the spatial distribution of global, national, and subnational greenhouse gas emissions in the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v8.0), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2811–2830, doi:10.5194/essd-16-2811-2024, 2024b.
Crippa, M., Solazzo, E., Huang, G., Guizzardi, D., Koffi, E., Muntean, M., Schieberle, C., Friedrich, R. and Janssens-Maenhout, G.: High resolution temporal profiles in the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research. Sci Data 7, 121 (2020). doi:10.1038/s41597-020-0462-2.
EI, Energy Institute, 2025 Statistical Review of World Energy, 2025, https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review, Last access: July 2025.
FAOSTAT (2025), Statistics Division of the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the UN: www.fao.org/faostat, Last access May 2025.
Global Flaring and Methane Reduction Partnership (GFMR), 2012-2024 data for gas consumption for flaring, 2025, https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/gasflaringreduction/global-flaring-data#indicators-by-country, Last Access: June 2025.
Guizzardi, D., Becker, W., Pagani, F., Muntean, M. and Crippa, M.: Developing up-to date global emission inventories: completeness, readiness and independence of the EDGAR database, Scientific Data, in review, 2024.
IATA (2025), International Air Transport Association Statistics, https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/pressroom/fact-sheets/industry-statistics, 2025.
IEA World Energy Balances - 2024 Edition, www.iea.org, All rights reserved, as modified by Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 2024a.
IEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy - 2024 Edition, www.iea.org, 2024b.
IEA World energy balances: IEA family and beyond, April 2025 Edition, www.iea.org.
IFA (2025), Urea consumption (updates 2010-2022) and production (updates 2020) statistics, 2025, www.ifastat.org/.
Jalkanen, J. P., Johansson, L., Kukkonen, J., Brink, A., Kalli, J., Stipa, T. (2012). Extension of an assessment model of ship traffic exhaust emissions for particulate matter and carbon monoxide. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12(5), 2641-2659. doi:10.5194/acp-12-2641-2012
Johansson, L., Jalkanen, J. P., Kukkonen, J. (2017). Global assessment of shipping emissions in 2015 on a high spatial and temporal resolution. Atmospheric Environment, 167, 403-415. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.042
USGS, USGS Commodity Statistics (May 2025), https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/commodity-statistics-and-information, 2025.
WB (2025), data of GDP PPP, (constant 2017 international $) (expressed in 1000 US dollar, and adjusted to the Purchasing Power Parity of 2017) for 1990-2024, World Bank, July 2025.
World Steel Association, (worldsteel) (2025), Steel Statistical Yearbook 2025, https://worldsteel.org, 2025.
©European Union 2025, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database, comprising IEA-EDGAR CO2, EDGAR CH4, EDGAR N2O and EDGAR F-gases version EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025). Unless otherwise noted, all material owned by the European Union is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. This means that reuse is allowed, provided that appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated.
All emissions, except for CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, are from the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database comprising IEA-EDGAR CO2, EDGAR CH4, EDGAR N2O and EDGAR F-gases version EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025).
IEA-EDGAR CO2, a component of the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database version EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025) including or based on data from IEA (2024) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy, www.iea.org/data-and-statistics, as modified by the Joint Research Centre.
IEA-EDGAR CO2 (v4) data are based on data from IEA (2024) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy, www.iea.org/data-and-statistics, as modified by the Joint Research Centre, licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users of the IEA-EDGAR CO2 data should contact the IEA at compliance@iea.org if they wish to use such data outside the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence.
Co-authorship and involvement of the EDGAR Community, which includes the IEA for fossil CO2 emissions, in the emission data analysis is highly appreciated. User's comments and requests can be sent via email to the authors. For IEA data, please refer to emissions@iea.org.
Disclaimer: Without prejudice to the rules applying to the information and data made available by the European Union (in particular the European Commission), as available here and to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, the European Union ("the Union") and the International Energy Agency ("IEA") disclaim all responsibility or liability in relation to any and all information distributed, published or otherwise made available by them on the EDGAR website, in this dataset and/or in this publication. The Union and the IEA provide any such information as-is and as-available, and make no representations, conditions or warranties of any kind concerning this information, whether express, implied, statutory, or other (including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of title, non-infringement, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose). To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event shall the Union or the IEA be liable to any third party on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of the distribution, publication, making available or use of any such information.
Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Pagani, F., Banja, M., Muntean, M. et al., GHG emissions of all world countries - 2025 Report, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2025, doi:10.2760/9816914, JRC143227.
EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG Database, a collaboration between the European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), the International Energy Agency (IEA), and comprising IEA-EDGAR CO2, EDGAR CH4, EDGAR N2O, EDGAR F-GASES version EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025) European Commission, JRC (Datasets). The complete citation of the EDGAR Community GHG Database is available in the 'Sources and References' section.
IEA-EDGAR CO2, a component of the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database version EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025) including or based on data from IEA (2024) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy, www.iea.org/data-and-statistics, as modified by the Joint Research Centre.
Users of the data are obliged to acknowledge the source of the data also with reference to the EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025) website (link) and/or relevant reports.
For more information or data: JRC-EDGAR@ec.europa.eu.
For IEA data, please refer to emissions@iea.org or compliance@iea.org for terms questions.