European Commission
EDGAR - Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research

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GHG emissions of all world countries

2025 report

Introduction

Since the beginning of 21st century, global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions had followed an increasing trend mainly due to the increase in emissions from China and the other emerging economies. As a result, the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases substantially increased enhancing the natural greenhouse effect, which may negatively affect the life on the Earth.

According to the latest data, global GHG emissions in 2024 reached 53.2 Gt CO2eq (without Land Use, land Use Change and Forestry). The 2024 data experienced an increase of 1.3% or 665 Mt CO2eq compared to the levels in 2023. In the framework of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), countries are developing national emissions inventories and propose/implement actions to mitigate GHG emissions. Fossil CO2 emissions, which are the main contributors to global GHG emissions are still increasing at world level despite climate change mitigation agreements. In this context, EDGAR provides an independent estimate of greenhouse gases for all world countries, based on a robust and consistent methodology stemming from the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines and most recent activity data. Following the latest update released in September 2025, this report presents GHG emission time series up to 2024, including emissions from all anthropogenic sectors and Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF).

Cover 2025
GHG emissions of all world countries - 2025 report

Main findings

China, the United States, India, the EU27, Russia and Indonesia were the world's largest GHG emitters in 2024. Together they account for 51.4% of global population, 62.5% of global gross domestic product, 64.2% of global fossil fuel consumption and 61.8% of global GHG emissions. Among these top emitters, in 2024 China, India, Russia and Indonesia increased their emissions compared to 2023, with Indonesia having the largest increase in relative terms (+ 5.0%) and India the largest absolute increase by 164.8 Mt CO2eq. With only two exceptions, 2009 (global financial crisis) and 2020 (COVID-19), global GHG emissions have grown steadily since the beginning of the 21st century, mainly due to the increase in fossil CO2 emissions by China, India, and other emerging economies. Based on the emission estimates for 2024 provided by EDGAR, global GHG emissions increased by 1.3% compared to 2023, reaching 53.2 Gt CO2eq.

In 2024, the majority of GHG emissions consisted of fossil CO2 accounting for 74.5% of total emissions, while CH4 contributed for 17.9% to the total, N2O for 4.8% and F-gases for 2.8%. Global fossil CO2 emissions increased by 74.9% since 1990. The increases in CH4 and N2O emissions have followed a somewhat slower pace: CH4 increased by nearly 30% and N2O by 34% between 1990 and 2024, while F-gases have seen a four-fold increase (+310%) in the same period. As far EU27 is concerned, its GHG emissions, excluding LULUCF, were approximately 35% lower than in 1990 reaching 3.2 Gt CO2eq. In 2024, EU27 emissions decreased by 1.8% (-57.9 Mt CO2eq) and the EU27’s share of global emissions decreased from 6.1% in 2023 to 5.9% in 2024.

The data are presented in the table below for key years, to allow easy comparison of different countries. Data for individual GHGs (fossil CO2, CH4, N2O and F-gases) are available in the excel file in the download section (data sheet 'GHG_by_sector_and_country').

World GHG emissions
Global GHG emission trends by sector and key years

Data Download

GHG emissions of all world countries - 2025 Report
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EDGAR GHG emissions
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IEA-EDGAR fossil CO2 emissions
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Emissions by country

The data in the table below are presented for key years to allow for easy comparison across different countries. LULUCF (Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry) is not included. Data for individual GHGs (fossil CO2, CH4, N2O and F-gases) are available in the excel file in the download section (data sheet 'GHG_by_sector_and_country').

Throughout this report, the term ‘country’ or ‘countries’ is used to refer to entities that include countries and/or territories in accordance with the list available at the Interinstitutional Style Guide of the European Union and the “Short name” definition listed in the "List of countries, territories and currencies" table at this link has been used (updated on 30/06/2025). This list does not represent the official position of the European institutions with regard to the legal status or policy of the entities mentioned. It is a harmonisation of often divergent lists and practices.

EDGAR data are expressed in metric units.



Country 1990 2000 2005 2015 2020 2023 2024 2024 %
unit Mton CO2eq Mton CO2eq Mton CO2eq Mton CO2eq Mton CO2eq Mton CO2eq Mton CO2eq % World Tot
EU27 4864.28 4468.66 4552.22 3885.94 3395.60 3222.52 3164.66 5.95
GLOBAL TOTAL 32249.90 35794.00 40919.60 48451.40 48962.10 52540.80 53206.40 100.00
Afghanistan 12.93 14.36 16.14 28.09 32.40 32.44 33.03 0.06
Albania 11.50 7.20 7.99 8.76 8.00 7.26 7.12 0.01
Algeria 132.00 153.68 158.96 228.83 233.83 258.94 252.70 0.47
Angola 34.08 68.93 68.70 83.54 63.16 68.28 69.92 0.13
Anguilla 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00
Antigua and Barbuda 0.25 0.23 0.27 0.36 0.39 0.42 0.43 0.00
Argentina 253.07 288.45 329.39 366.04 354.16 377.68 374.35 0.70
Armenia 24.31 5.86 7.22 8.90 10.28 10.73 10.78 0.02
Aruba 0.22 0.35 0.48 0.49 0.52 0.57 0.59 0.00
Australia 460.70 545.71 577.23 600.75 579.55 587.51 591.45 1.11
Austria 80.18 83.68 96.43 82.26 76.97 71.60 71.00 0.13
Azerbaijan 67.67 39.69 44.54 52.97 54.33 60.99 58.28 0.11
Bahamas 1.31 1.26 1.15 1.45 1.53 1.79 1.84 0.00
Bahrain 29.07 37.59 41.15 59.01 63.25 64.90 64.42 0.12
Bangladesh 74.87 100.35 119.67 177.46 202.74 215.83 220.83 0.42
Barbados 0.86 0.84 0.87 0.91 0.87 0.89 0.91 0.00
Belarus 144.97 84.98 87.96 92.59 91.72 86.93 87.49 0.16
Belgium 140.57 151.91 143.92 127.19 115.67 107.23 107.82 0.20
Belize 0.44 0.47 0.54 0.79 0.92 1.00 1.03 0.00
Benin 3.84 5.97 8.08 13.50 17.66 17.35 17.77 0.03
Bermuda 0.28 0.18 0.21 0.26 0.24 0.30 0.31 0.00
Bhutan 1.13 1.35 1.58 2.53 2.72 2.79 2.81 0.01
Bolivia 29.43 30.00 32.70 48.38 49.24 57.21 63.76 0.12
Bosnia and Herzegovina 32.87 19.87 23.18 27.85 30.47 28.20 27.63 0.05
Botswana 9.27 10.95 10.14 13.20 10.95 12.61 12.10 0.02
Brazil 649.24 870.33 1000.64 1233.22 1196.01 1297.17 1299.18 2.44
British Virgin Islands 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.00
Brunei 5.85 8.49 8.09 9.78 12.76 12.06 11.87 0.02
Bulgaria 100.76 60.86 64.98 62.72 52.58 49.66 46.68 0.09
Burkina Faso 11.31 14.18 20.48 29.01 30.20 34.59 34.92 0.07
Burundi 3.05 3.05 3.31 5.69 6.76 8.19 8.42 0.02
Cabo Verde 0.22 0.53 0.80 1.01 0.84 0.88 0.91 0.00
Cambodia 14.58 20.45 25.15 35.17 46.96 48.98 49.83 0.09
Cameroon 30.08 30.69 30.31 38.55 39.59 40.36 40.62 0.08
Canada 590.52 724.39 767.17 768.75 728.51 755.24 768.06 1.44
Cayman Islands 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.28 0.36 0.39 0.41 0.00
Central African Republic 7.60 9.17 9.75 11.88 12.60 12.78 13.44 0.03
Chad 11.07 26.57 36.64 62.76 82.42 96.87 101.17 0.19
Chile 54.78 80.96 88.09 116.64 126.16 116.84 118.12 0.22
China 3712.74 5063.89 7974.40 12931.00 14230.20 15411.80 15536.10 29.20
Colombia 132.24 153.07 157.57 187.04 199.65 215.48 217.59 0.41
Comoros 0.31 0.42 0.48 0.59 0.75 0.94 0.95 0.00
Congo 10.90 21.67 19.77 20.05 25.15 24.42 24.62 0.05
Cook Islands 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.00
Costa Rica 9.59 10.99 12.26 14.49 14.35 16.73 17.08 0.03
Côte d’Ivoire 9.94 16.32 17.60 26.38 30.14 36.73 38.03 0.07
Croatia 32.83 25.41 29.29 25.58 25.44 26.80 26.84 0.05
Cuba 59.03 46.03 41.51 46.21 34.48 35.10 35.99 0.07
Curaçao 2.84 5.89 6.14 5.94 2.19 2.40 2.49 0.00
Cyprus 5.58 8.34 9.23 8.41 8.61 9.11 9.34 0.02
Czechia 199.58 158.14 153.15 133.53 118.25 108.83 100.38 0.19
Democratic Republic of the Congo 25.33 26.35 25.67 42.26 49.63 57.20 58.49 0.11
Denmark 69.02 69.52 65.97 48.24 41.87 38.95 38.26 0.07
Djibouti 1.85 1.87 1.93 2.10 2.16 2.39 2.42 0.00
Dominica 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.00
Dominican Republic 16.65 27.62 28.97 37.41 42.51 49.80 51.58 0.10
Ecuador 35.33 42.73 53.57 70.91 63.96 73.20 74.41 0.14
Egypt 149.18 205.52 264.59 331.54 335.72 369.73 386.60 0.73
El Salvador 7.08 10.27 12.15 12.11 11.65 14.38 14.75 0.03
Equatorial Guinea 0.19 12.07 15.60 14.28 9.77 7.97 8.14 0.02
Eritrea 4.70 5.43 5.46 6.01 6.31 6.54 6.58 0.01
Estonia 45.61 21.76 24.08 25.91 16.02 14.98 14.13 0.03
Eswatini 3.22 3.26 3.19 2.89 2.86 2.92 2.93 0.01
Ethiopia 66.78 77.08 95.53 147.72 181.53 188.45 192.70 0.36
Falkland Islands 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.00
Faroes 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00
Fiji 2.13 2.79 3.10 2.54 2.15 2.65 2.75 0.01
Finland 73.04 74.69 75.21 61.79 54.35 49.87 48.68 0.09
France and Monaco 530.90 538.06 541.88 461.67 401.59 390.74 378.12 0.71
French Guiana 0.36 0.32 0.33 0.52 0.54 0.58 0.59 0.00
French Polynesia 0.94 0.81 1.04 1.11 0.81 1.03 1.08 0.00
Gabon 20.42 27.95 26.28 21.40 20.09 21.55 21.78 0.04
Georgia 40.82 11.24 11.15 16.79 17.53 19.65 19.60 0.04
Germany 1235.63 1033.13 980.82 904.24 747.03 685.66 674.36 1.27
Ghana 10.47 15.54 17.88 33.96 45.70 46.82 48.09 0.09
Gibraltar 0.16 0.36 0.42 0.61 0.66 0.65 0.66 0.00
Greece 98.29 120.00 126.78 91.44 72.28 70.60 71.50 0.13
Greenland 0.06 0.06 0.68 0.58 0.59 0.65 0.66 0.00
Grenada 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.17 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.00
Guadeloupe 0.93 0.87 0.96 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.45 0.00
Guatemala 13.08 21.65 25.63 36.23 39.54 42.99 43.47 0.08
Guinea 6.90 10.50 12.56 19.74 26.29 28.62 29.38 0.06
Guinea-Bissau 1.65 2.00 2.15 2.90 3.05 3.15 3.19 0.01
Guyana 2.47 3.51 3.19 4.56 6.26 8.59 8.73 0.02
Haiti 7.25 9.65 10.26 13.37 13.51 13.62 13.78 0.03
Honduras 8.61 10.97 15.08 21.20 20.41 23.78 24.39 0.05
Hong Kong 39.25 46.64 47.63 49.37 39.60 39.73 40.31 0.08
Hungary 96.43 78.39 81.24 66.11 68.68 60.95 60.45 0.11
Iceland 4.41 3.94 4.21 4.84 4.23 4.25 4.28 0.01
India 1353.65 1835.56 2111.74 3310.46 3461.05 4206.33 4371.17 8.22
Indonesia 338.04 513.07 593.16 853.12 1007.15 1261.32 1323.78 2.49
International Aviation 264.26 360.04 434.72 543.60 299.64 578.33 622.33 1.17
International Shipping 395.32 535.20 608.74 699.71 673.80 752.64 737.32 1.39
Iran 331.28 511.38 650.68 793.33 909.94 1030.09 1054.77 1.98
Iraq 171.72 167.85 164.52 275.92 345.62 405.17 413.28 0.78
Ireland 58.95 74.36 77.91 67.79 62.91 60.36 59.68 0.11
Israel and Palestine, State of 41.93 69.12 72.15 82.86 78.86 79.05 76.62 0.14
Italy, San Marino and the Holy See 504.65 538.16 578.74 433.53 375.50 378.51 371.17 0.70
Jamaica 9.25 11.98 12.31 8.42 7.22 9.04 9.42 0.02
Japan 1295.84 1377.78 1389.60 1324.42 1151.07 1094.02 1063.34 2.00
Jordan 12.12 19.70 24.77 32.65 30.00 34.40 34.86 0.07
Kazakhstan 342.27 172.31 237.26 262.97 296.35 326.86 330.39 0.62
Kenya 38.46 41.38 52.90 82.13 108.58 100.58 102.84 0.19
Kiribati 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.00
Kuwait 50.55 89.60 121.80 143.82 144.05 167.89 173.33 0.33
Kyrgyzstan 33.37 10.90 11.89 19.87 20.40 21.72 22.37 0.04
Laos 6.77 8.90 10.29 21.37 33.52 41.17 41.55 0.08
Latvia 27.55 11.10 12.29 12.48 12.19 11.70 11.64 0.02
Lebanon 7.75 18.17 20.38 32.42 28.63 18.36 18.79 0.04
Lesotho 2.13 2.67 2.75 2.78 2.47 3.07 3.05 0.01
Liberia 1.81 2.19 2.70 4.29 4.21 4.41 4.46 0.01
Libya 87.04 91.73 104.48 71.72 64.45 97.95 98.17 0.18
Lithuania 48.61 20.42 23.58 24.73 24.45 21.58 21.54 0.04
Luxembourg 12.93 9.78 13.08 10.30 8.92 7.85 8.05 0.02
Macao 1.00 1.52 2.13 2.86 2.32 1.76 1.82 0.00
Madagascar 22.88 25.32 26.18 31.46 31.87 35.71 35.79 0.07
Malawi 5.87 8.14 8.95 13.73 17.61 18.35 19.02 0.04
Malaysia 85.75 157.86 215.21 290.15 288.86 318.37 332.17 0.62
Maldives 0.14 0.69 0.77 1.74 1.38 2.00 2.09 0.00
Mali 11.98 15.76 20.24 32.21 42.54 46.61 48.01 0.09
Malta 2.52 2.41 2.98 2.11 2.06 2.23 2.24 0.00
Martinique 0.90 0.83 0.86 1.17 1.16 1.17 1.20 0.00
Mauritania 6.66 9.18 10.48 13.65 16.48 17.18 17.51 0.03
Mauritius 1.84 3.24 3.68 5.48 5.53 6.32 6.47 0.01
Mexico 440.47 566.25 624.68 682.15 640.13 685.65 686.78 1.29
Moldova 37.42 9.91 11.26 11.62 12.38 11.65 11.66 0.02
Mongolia 29.93 29.33 28.86 52.93 69.78 93.72 104.36 0.20
Morocco 42.49 56.67 70.60 93.67 104.26 108.36 108.74 0.20
Mozambique 8.61 10.50 14.04 24.55 27.93 34.32 33.63 0.06
Myanmar/Burma 63.22 85.46 103.19 124.25 123.04 118.24 117.79 0.22
Namibia 6.60 8.74 10.64 11.13 11.12 13.89 14.21 0.03
Nepal 23.10 28.90 30.41 38.42 49.82 42.12 41.47 0.08
Netherlands 223.82 225.88 222.30 201.53 170.34 149.49 145.01 0.27
New Caledonia 1.92 2.49 3.01 4.94 6.08 5.24 5.38 0.01
New Zealand 71.81 81.68 87.70 86.18 83.77 78.21 77.84 0.15
Nicaragua 9.01 11.80 13.03 17.70 17.82 18.96 19.16 0.04
Niger 10.74 16.21 20.04 29.59 37.19 40.07 41.15 0.08
Nigeria 260.82 379.87 351.60 342.40 333.69 337.78 350.56 0.66
North Korea 164.96 99.77 109.29 59.39 95.25 90.62 91.25 0.17
North Macedonia 14.36 11.40 12.35 10.55 10.29 10.57 9.81 0.02
Norway 55.35 57.67 59.49 62.89 57.83 55.47 53.76 0.10
Oman 34.97 52.06 62.19 109.23 113.28 130.25 132.27 0.25
Pakistan 188.88 271.33 319.17 423.57 511.26 522.21 525.88 0.99
Palau 2.34 2.24 1.84 1.25 1.34 1.46 1.53 0.00
Panama 6.87 9.70 12.39 16.39 15.97 19.49 19.22 0.04
Papua New Guinea 4.87 7.07 10.00 10.63 10.12 10.66 10.76 0.02
Paraguay 20.77 24.89 25.82 40.86 42.58 40.95 41.44 0.08
Peru 43.46 56.53 60.19 86.77 80.14 99.26 103.81 0.20
Philippines 92.01 132.78 145.00 190.63 225.15 254.53 266.60 0.50
Poland 513.46 412.06 409.95 387.92 375.62 354.31 348.20 0.65
Portugal 57.64 80.57 84.72 68.86 58.68 54.98 53.17 0.10
Puerto Rico 21.75 27.85 29.36 14.63 14.65 16.81 17.62 0.03
Qatar 26.29 60.00 65.67 139.63 140.68 156.13 162.75 0.31
Réunion 1.16 2.32 2.69 2.88 2.89 2.98 3.03 0.01
Romania 241.02 130.38 138.33 112.25 108.15 101.29 101.86 0.19
Russia 3055.88 2084.35 2166.73 2248.75 2325.80 2512.82 2575.65 4.84
Rwanda 5.67 4.11 4.80 6.88 7.64 8.35 8.35 0.02
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.00
Saint Lucia 0.15 0.21 0.23 0.31 0.42 0.45 0.47 0.00
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0.10 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.00
Samoa 0.29 0.36 0.41 0.57 0.47 0.51 0.52 0.00
São Tomé and Príncipe 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.23 0.25 0.24 0.25 0.00
Saudi Arabia 236.61 350.32 457.16 752.89 740.21 818.19 838.88 1.58
Senegal 9.89 13.56 16.07 23.43 27.16 31.08 31.72 0.06
Serbia and Montenegro 85.34 65.85 76.59 69.65 71.60 68.13 66.75 0.13
Seychelles 0.32 0.82 1.03 1.07 0.93 0.94 0.98 0.00
Sierra Leone 3.47 3.39 4.46 6.24 6.87 7.79 7.93 0.01
Singapore 33.75 57.24 50.33 65.75 68.07 72.39 76.09 0.14
Slovakia 73.84 50.48 51.10 43.93 42.00 40.31 39.00 0.07
Slovenia 21.07 20.51 23.51 18.89 18.02 16.68 17.34 0.03
Solomon Islands 0.30 0.41 0.49 0.58 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.00
Somalia 25.67 28.30 31.17 31.45 33.51 34.24 34.42 0.06
South Africa 407.09 449.68 549.40 584.95 577.00 555.45 569.81 1.07
South Korea 311.40 530.15 575.12 714.59 695.13 670.12 668.25 1.26
Spain and Andorra 294.55 392.45 448.86 344.15 283.71 286.87 285.64 0.54
Sri Lanka 15.92 22.45 25.99 33.27 35.88 35.19 37.17 0.07
Sudan and South Sudan 61.17 95.63 114.43 130.19 137.72 138.36 138.70 0.26
Suriname 2.21 2.53 2.60 3.92 3.79 3.59 3.67 0.01
Sweden 75.25 76.20 71.92 58.39 53.71 51.40 52.57 0.10
Switzerland and Liechtenstein 53.97 53.52 55.93 49.45 45.17 42.87 42.99 0.08
Syria 63.40 84.95 86.64 43.72 46.34 46.53 47.17 0.09
Taiwan 146.52 259.17 342.50 323.56 317.04 310.44 309.61 0.58
Tajikistan 21.99 10.51 11.81 15.29 21.13 21.67 22.19 0.04
Tanzania 29.20 39.20 46.44 70.42 81.88 99.49 102.53 0.19
Thailand 183.28 266.59 338.87 401.38 403.91 410.66 422.39 0.79
The Gambia 0.93 1.25 1.48 2.02 1.75 1.84 1.86 0.00
Timor-Leste 0.53 1.02 2.02 2.21 1.91 1.88 1.94 0.00
Togo 3.25 4.73 5.45 7.28 9.35 10.55 10.84 0.02
Tonga 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.31 0.28 0.29 0.00
Trinidad and Tobago 15.89 23.50 41.54 43.36 36.52 33.68 33.59 0.06
Tunisia 23.22 31.60 34.82 42.44 40.36 43.60 44.62 0.08
Turkmenistan 61.32 59.59 81.22 102.82 109.88 128.32 114.81 0.22
Turks and Caicos Islands 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.00
Türkiye 226.18 301.82 320.73 465.35 543.43 564.06 579.51 1.09
Uganda 15.29 19.63 23.69 43.43 50.92 56.60 57.30 0.11
Ukraine 977.95 462.11 456.24 316.86 292.73 201.61 196.96 0.37
United Arab Emirates 79.50 117.23 155.52 254.21 249.75 254.31 264.15 0.50
United Kingdom 778.13 718.08 703.63 527.90 421.54 400.61 386.70 0.73
United States 6216.33 7219.82 7160.64 6364.00 5703.92 5890.99 5912.62 11.11
Uruguay 28.90 33.83 37.30 39.67 38.60 42.93 44.63 0.08
Uzbekistan 163.18 169.41 177.25 173.19 198.24 211.37 227.49 0.43
Vanuatu 0.47 0.52 0.54 0.64 0.62 0.62 0.63 0.00
Venezuela 163.73 222.85 244.97 262.95 141.50 165.31 167.32 0.31
Viet Nam 91.90 163.64 225.21 343.63 492.96 542.92 584.26 1.10
Western Sahara 0.40 0.56 0.61 0.62 0.60 0.71 0.74 0.00
Yemen 17.51 32.43 44.20 31.48 33.05 32.37 32.90 0.06
Zambia 15.86 14.01 16.29 26.21 33.01 37.49 38.52 0.07
Zimbabwe 34.44 31.24 25.90 28.47 24.79 30.13 30.78 0.06

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World Steel Association, (worldsteel) (2025), Steel Statistical Yearbook 2025, https://worldsteel.org, 2025.

Conditions of use

©European Union 2025, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database, comprising IEA-EDGAR CO2, EDGAR CH4, EDGAR N2O and EDGAR F-gases version EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025). Unless otherwise noted, all material owned by the European Union is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. This means that reuse is allowed, provided that appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated.

All emissions, except for CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, are from the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database comprising IEA-EDGAR CO2, EDGAR CH4, EDGAR N2O and EDGAR F-gases version EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025).

IEA-EDGAR CO2, a component of the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database version EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025) including or based on data from IEA (2024) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy, www.iea.org/data-and-statistics, as modified by the Joint Research Centre.

IEA-EDGAR CO2 (v4) data are based on data from IEA (2024) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy, www.iea.org/data-and-statistics, as modified by the Joint Research Centre, licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users of the IEA-EDGAR CO2 data should contact the IEA at compliance@iea.org if they wish to use such data outside the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence.

Co-authorship and involvement of the EDGAR Community, which includes the IEA for fossil CO2 emissions, in the emission data analysis is highly appreciated. User's comments and requests can be sent via email to the authors. For IEA data, please refer to emissions@iea.org.

Disclaimer: Without prejudice to the rules applying to the information and data made available by the European Union (in particular the European Commission), as available here and to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, the European Union ("the Union") and the International Energy Agency ("IEA") disclaim all responsibility or liability in relation to any and all information distributed, published or otherwise made available by them on the EDGAR website, in this dataset and/or in this publication. The Union and the IEA provide any such information as-is and as-available, and make no representations, conditions or warranties of any kind concerning this information, whether express, implied, statutory, or other (including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of title, non-infringement, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose). To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event shall the Union or the IEA be liable to any third party on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of the distribution, publication, making available or use of any such information.

How to cite the content of reports

Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Pagani, F., Banja, M., Muntean, M. et al., GHG emissions of all world countries - 2025 Report, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2025, doi:10.2760/9816914, JRC143227.

How to cite the use of underlying data

EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG Database, a collaboration between the European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), the International Energy Agency (IEA), and comprising IEA-EDGAR CO2, EDGAR CH4, EDGAR N2O, EDGAR F-GASES version EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025) European Commission, JRC (Datasets). The complete citation of the EDGAR Community GHG Database is available in the 'Sources and References' section.

IEA-EDGAR CO2, a component of the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG database version EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025) including or based on data from IEA (2024) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy, www.iea.org/data-and-statistics, as modified by the Joint Research Centre.

Users of the data are obliged to acknowledge the source of the data also with reference to the EDGAR_2025_GHG (2025) website (link) and/or relevant reports.

Contacts

For more information or data: JRC-EDGAR@ec.europa.eu. For IEA data, please refer to emissions@iea.org or compliance@iea.org for terms questions.